World History

Monday-Wednesday

Inventors of the Industrial Revolution

Interactive Powerepoint presentation

Have students complete the Inventor Chart and also require that they write questions they would like to know more about---one for each invention category. Do NOT have them take the quiz right away. Reconvene the class to share these questions for discussion and clarification purposes. Then have students return to the laptops for the quiz.

As a class discussion and lesson, have each student hypothesize what would have happened without a certain inventor by “subtracting” from the classroom, describing of things we use today traced back to the Industrial Revolution. For example, Betty says, “I subtract everything woven. We would all be wearing handwoven or hand-knit clothing if it weren’t for the Power Loom. If the class is split into two teams, they can earn points and compete by coming up with valid ideas.

• Since the activities will take more than one class day- possibly as many as 3 or 4- have students recall something about each invention group from the day before to “earn” the right to be Vanna… or let the class play “stump Vanna” with invention questions from the previous days to remove the board operator and replace him/her. It is sometimes very helpful to have your most active and disruptive student operate the board because it keeps him/her on task and focused.
•  

  Monday and Tuesday

Drinking industry and Distilled liquids

It was Muslim chemists who first invented pure distillation processes, which could fully purify chemical substances.
Purified distilled alcohol by Jabir ibn Hayyan in the 8th century

Hygiene industries

True soap made of vegetable oils (such as olive oil) or with

aromatics (such as thyme oil)were invented by al-Razi Rhazes.  Perfumed and colored soaps and liquid and solid soaps were also invented by Muslim chemists as well.

Islamic Astronomy: Astronomical instruments

Muslim astronomers developed a number of astronomical instruments, These instruments were used by Muslims for a variety of purposes related to astronomy, astrology, horoscopes, navigation, surveying, and timekeeping.

Analog Machines (or Computers)

The Plate of Conjunctions, a computing instrument used to determine the time of day invented by al-Kashi in the 15th century. A mechanical planetary computer called the Plate of Zones could predict the true positions in longitude of the Sun and Moon, and the planets in terms of elliptical orbits.

Parachute

In 9th century Islamic Spain, Abbas Ibn Firnas (Armen Firnas) invented a primitive version of the parachute and the hand glider.

Camera

Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen), the "father of optics" and pioneer of the modern scientific method, invented the camera obscura and pinhole camera.He was the first person to realize that rays of light enters the eye, rather than leaving it, The word "camera" comes from the Arabic word qamara for a dark or private room. Ibn al-Haytham first described pinhole camera after noticing the way light came through a hole in window shutters.

Chemical technology

Jabir ibn Hayyan (Geber), the father of chemistry, invented the alembic still and many chemicals, including distilled alcohol, and established the perfume industry.

Street lighting and litter collection facilities


The first street lamps were built in the Arab Empire, especially in Cordoba, which also had the first facilities and waste containers for litter collection.

Clock technology



Astronomical clocks
Muslim astronomers and engineers constructed a variety of highly accurate astronomical clocks for use in their observatories.

Mechanical clocks


The first mechanical clocks driven by weights, and gears and were invented by Muslim engineers. The first geared mechanical clocks were invented by the 11th century Arab engineer Ibn Khalaf al-Muradi from Islamic Spain.

Paper mill

Paper was introduced to the Muslim world by Chinese prisoners after the Battle of Talas. Muslims made several improvements to papermaking and built the first paper mills in Baghdad, Iraq, as early as 794.

Sugar refinery


The first sugar refineries were built by Muslim engineers. They were first driven by water mills, and then windmills from the 9th and 10th centuries in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Iran.

Fountain pen

The earliest historical record of a reservoir fountain pen dates back to the 10th century. In 953, Ma'ad al-Mu'izz, the caliph of Egypt, demanded a pen, which would not stain his hands or clothes, and was provided with a pen, which held ink in a reservoir.

On/off switch


The on and off switch was invented by Muslim engineers between the 9th and 12th centuries. It was employed in a variety of automatic and water clocks. The mechanism later had an influence on the development of the electric on/off switch, which appeared in the 1950s

Medical Technology


Muslim physicians pioneered a number of medical treatments, including: Tracheotomy by Ibn Zuhr in the 12th century. Muslim anesthesiologist invented inoculations, modern oral and inhalant anesthesia as well as the first smallpox vaccine in the form of cowpox. At least 2,000 medicinal substances were invented by Muslim technology.

Medical university and public hospital


The Islamic hospital-universities were the first free public hospitals, the first medical schools, and the first universities to issue diplomas. The first of these institutions was opened in Baghdad. They then appeared in Egypt from 872 and then in Islamic Spain, Persia and the Maghreb thereafter. Physicians and surgeons at Islamic hospital-universities gave lectures to medical students and a diploma would be issued to any student who completed his/her education and was qualified to be a doctor of Medicine.

Military technology


After the spread of early gunpowder from China to the Muslim world, Muslim chemists and engineers developed compositions for explosive gunpowder and their own weapons for use in gunpowder warfare.

Hand cannon, handgun, portable firearms

The first portable hand cannons (midfa) loaded with explosive gunpowder, the first example of a handgun and portable firearms were used by the Egyptians to repel the Mongols at the Battle of Ain Jalut in 1260, and again in 1304. 

Wednesday and Thursday

THE ENLIGHTENMENT  

Until the late 1700’s, people of France accepted the fact that their king ruled by divine right, that Church teachings were correct, and that well-to-do nobles had privileges not enjoyed by the poor. But by the end of the century, Frenchmen no longer accepted these beliefs. This change in attitude came about as the result of writings by a group know as the ‘philisophes’. The philisophes were intelligent, reasonable men who felt there was much about life in Europe that was unfair and unjust. Since most philosophes were from France and since France was ruled by an absolute monarchy surrounded by a privileged nobility, the French way of life came under particular attack. The chart which follows lists four leading thinkers of the 1700’s. They published writings during a perid called the Age of Reason, or Enlightenment. Many ideas from the Enlightenment were eventually adopted by countries in Europe and around the world. Ideas even spread to the United States and are today a part of our way of life. Read each statement by the philisophes given on the chart and decide whether the statement is a true description of present American life. If it is true of the United States today, fill in the space with yes. If the ideas or attitude is not true of present life in the U.S., put no in the space. 

The philisophes were intelligent, reasonable men who felt there was much about life in Europe that was unfair and unjust. Since most philosophes were from France and since France was ruled by an absolute monarchy surrounded by a privileged nobility, the French way of life came under particular attack. The chart which follows lists four leading thinkers of the 1700’s. They published writings during a perid called the Age of Reason, or Enlightenment. Many ideas from the Enlightenment were eventually adopted by countries in Europe and around the world. Ideas even spread to the United States and are today a part of our way of life. Read each statement by the philisophes given on the chart and decide whether the statement is a true description of present American life. If it is true of the United States today, fill in the space with yes. If the ideas or attitude is not true of present life in the U.S., put no in the space. 

John Locke 1. All men are free and equal at birth. 2. Everyone has the right to life liberty, & property. 3. Citizens have the right to overthrow the government when their natural rights are violated. 4. Rulers receive the right to govern from the people and unfair rulers can be forced from power. 5. Man is not born to be a good or evil person – he is made one way or other by his life experiences and society around him. 1. _______ 2. _______ 3. _______ 4. _______ 5. _______ Baron de Montesquieu 1. An absolute ruler in an  Baron de Montesquieu 1. An absolute ruler in an undesirable leader because one-man rule limits basic freedoms such as speech, press, and religion. 2. There should be a ‘separation of powers’ in government between legislative, executive and judicial. 3. Slavery, torture, religious persecution, and censorship are all wrong. 4. A man is innocent until proven guilty. 5. When one country increases its military power, so do other countries; therefore all nations should limit their military strength in order to reduce the chances of war. 1. _______ 2. _______ 3. _______ 4. _______ 5. _______   

Voltaire 1. A man should not be persecuted because of his religious beliefs. 2. Religious myths and ceremonies do nothing to make men better and should therefore be ignored. 3. Clergymen are more interested in increasing the power of the Church that they are in making man better. 4. A scientist is a greater person then a conquering general. 5. All men should be treated as equals and should have freedom of the speech and of the press. 6. Democracy is not a good form of government because the common people are not capable of governing themselves; the best government is one headed by a good and fair king. 1. _______ 2. _______ 3. _______ 4. _______ 5. _______ 6. _______ 

Rousseau 1. It is unfair that some people are rich while other people are poor. 2. The rich should not enjoy special privileges. 3. Compared to man during the Stone Age, modern man is unhappy, insecure, and greedy. 4. Social and political reforms must be made before man can be a good person. 5. Democracy is a good form of government. 1. _______ 2. _______ 3. _______ 4. _______ 5. _______ 

QUESTIONS: 1. In the philosophes were alive today, do you think they would be generally satisfied or dissatisfied with social conditions and the type of government we have today. EXPLAIN! _______________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 2. Which three statements by the philosophes do you believe are of the greatest importance to mankind? a. ___________________________________________________________________ b. ___________________________________________________________________ c. ___________________________________________________________________

  3. Choose one of the statements and tell why you disagree with it. a. Statement: __________________________________________________________ b. Reason for disagreement ________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 4. Not all the philosophes held the same beliefs, but most agreed that: a. Reason should be used at all times b. The search for new knowledge and ideas should continue c. Improvements must be made in the system of justice to end unfair jail sentences, the torture of prisoners, and terrible conditions in prisons. d. Slavery and warfare should be done away with e. Freedom of religion, speech and press must be given to all f. Everyone should enjoy liberty and equality. g. There should be public education for all, not just schools for children of the wealthy.  

World History

Monday-Wednesday

Inventors of the Industrial Revolution

Interactive Powerepoint presentation

Have students complete the Inventor Chart and also require that they write questions they would like to know more about---one for each invention category. Do NOT have them take the quiz right away. Reconvene the class to share these questions for discussion and clarification purposes. Then have students return to the laptops for the quiz.

As a class discussion and lesson, have each student hypothesize what would have happened without a certain inventor by “subtracting” from the classroom, describing of things we use today traced back to the Industrial Revolution. For example, Betty says, “I subtract everything woven. We would all be wearing handwoven or hand-knit clothing if it weren’t for the Power Loom. If the class is split into two teams, they can earn points and compete by coming up with valid ideas.

• Since the activities will take more than one class day- possibly as many as 3 or 4- have students recall something about each invention group from the day before to “earn” the right to be Vanna… or let the class play “stump Vanna” with invention questions from the previous days to remove the board operator and replace him/her. It is sometimes very helpful to have your most active and disruptive student operate the board because it keeps him/her on task and focused.
•  

  Monday and Tuesday

Drinking industry and Distilled liquids

It was Muslim chemists who first invented pure distillation processes, which could fully purify chemical substances.
Purified distilled alcohol by Jabir ibn Hayyan in the 8th century

Hygiene industries

True soap made of vegetable oils (such as olive oil) or with

aromatics (such as thyme oil)were invented by al-Razi Rhazes.  Perfumed and colored soaps and liquid and solid soaps were also invented by Muslim chemists as well.

Islamic Astronomy: Astronomical instruments

Muslim astronomers developed a number of astronomical instruments, These instruments were used by Muslims for a variety of purposes related to astronomy, astrology, horoscopes, navigation, surveying, and timekeeping.

Analog Machines (or Computers)

The Plate of Conjunctions, a computing instrument used to determine the time of day invented by al-Kashi in the 15th century. A mechanical planetary computer called the Plate of Zones could predict the true positions in longitude of the Sun and Moon, and the planets in terms of elliptical orbits.

Parachute

In 9th century Islamic Spain, Abbas Ibn Firnas (Armen Firnas) invented a primitive version of the parachute and the hand glider.

Camera

Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen), the "father of optics" and pioneer of the modern scientific method, invented the camera obscura and pinhole camera.He was the first person to realize that rays of light enters the eye, rather than leaving it, The word "camera" comes from the Arabic word qamara for a dark or private room. Ibn al-Haytham first described pinhole camera after noticing the way light came through a hole in window shutters.

Chemical technology

Jabir ibn Hayyan (Geber), the father of chemistry, invented the alembic still and many chemicals, including distilled alcohol, and established the perfume industry.

Street lighting and litter collection facilities


The first street lamps were built in the Arab Empire, especially in Cordoba, which also had the first facilities and waste containers for litter collection.

Clock technology



Astronomical clocks
Muslim astronomers and engineers constructed a variety of highly accurate astronomical clocks for use in their observatories.

Mechanical clocks


The first mechanical clocks driven by weights, and gears and were invented by Muslim engineers. The first geared mechanical clocks were invented by the 11th century Arab engineer Ibn Khalaf al-Muradi from Islamic Spain.

Paper mill

Paper was introduced to the Muslim world by Chinese prisoners after the Battle of Talas. Muslims made several improvements to papermaking and built the first paper mills in Baghdad, Iraq, as early as 794.

Sugar refinery


The first sugar refineries were built by Muslim engineers. They were first driven by water mills, and then windmills from the 9th and 10th centuries in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Iran.

Fountain pen

The earliest historical record of a reservoir fountain pen dates back to the 10th century. In 953, Ma'ad al-Mu'izz, the caliph of Egypt, demanded a pen, which would not stain his hands or clothes, and was provided with a pen, which held ink in a reservoir.

On/off switch


The on and off switch was invented by Muslim engineers between the 9th and 12th centuries. It was employed in a variety of automatic and water clocks. The mechanism later had an influence on the development of the electric on/off switch, which appeared in the 1950s

Medical Technology


Muslim physicians pioneered a number of medical treatments, including: Tracheotomy by Ibn Zuhr in the 12th century. Muslim anesthesiologist invented inoculations, modern oral and inhalant anesthesia as well as the first smallpox vaccine in the form of cowpox. At least 2,000 medicinal substances were invented by Muslim technology.

Medical university and public hospital


The Islamic hospital-universities were the first free public hospitals, the first medical schools, and the first universities to issue diplomas. The first of these institutions was opened in Baghdad. They then appeared in Egypt from 872 and then in Islamic Spain, Persia and the Maghreb thereafter. Physicians and surgeons at Islamic hospital-universities gave lectures to medical students and a diploma would be issued to any student who completed his/her education and was qualified to be a doctor of Medicine.

Military technology


After the spread of early gunpowder from China to the Muslim world, Muslim chemists and engineers developed compositions for explosive gunpowder and their own weapons for use in gunpowder warfare.

Hand cannon, handgun, portable firearms

The first portable hand cannons (midfa) loaded with explosive gunpowder, the first example of a handgun and portable firearms were used by the Egyptians to repel the Mongols at the Battle of Ain Jalut in 1260, and again in 1304. 

Wednesday and Thursday

THE ENLIGHTENMENT  

Until the late 1700’s, people of France accepted the fact that their king ruled by divine right, that Church teachings were correct, and that well-to-do nobles had privileges not enjoyed by the poor. But by the end of the century, Frenchmen no longer accepted these beliefs. This change in attitude came about as the result of writings by a group know as the ‘philisophes’. The philisophes were intelligent, reasonable men who felt there was much about life in Europe that was unfair and unjust. Since most philosophes were from France and since France was ruled by an absolute monarchy surrounded by a privileged nobility, the French way of life came under particular attack. The chart which follows lists four leading thinkers of the 1700’s. They published writings during a perid called the Age of Reason, or Enlightenment. Many ideas from the Enlightenment were eventually adopted by countries in Europe and around the world. Ideas even spread to the United States and are today a part of our way of life. Read each statement by the philisophes given on the chart and decide whether the statement is a true description of present American life. If it is true of the United States today, fill in the space with yes. If the ideas or attitude is not true of present life in the U.S., put no in the space. 

The philisophes were intelligent, reasonable men who felt there was much about life in Europe that was unfair and unjust. Since most philosophes were from France and since France was ruled by an absolute monarchy surrounded by a privileged nobility, the French way of life came under particular attack. The chart which follows lists four leading thinkers of the 1700’s. They published writings during a perid called the Age of Reason, or Enlightenment. Many ideas from the Enlightenment were eventually adopted by countries in Europe and around the world. Ideas even spread to the United States and are today a part of our way of life. Read each statement by the philisophes given on the chart and decide whether the statement is a true description of present American life. If it is true of the United States today, fill in the space with yes. If the ideas or attitude is not true of present life in the U.S., put no in the space. 

John Locke 1. All men are free and equal at birth. 2. Everyone has the right to life liberty, & property. 3. Citizens have the right to overthrow the government when their natural rights are violated. 4. Rulers receive the right to govern from the people and unfair rulers can be forced from power. 5. Man is not born to be a good or evil person – he is made one way or other by his life experiences and society around him. 1. _______ 2. _______ 3. _______ 4. _______ 5. _______ Baron de Montesquieu 1. An absolute ruler in an  Baron de Montesquieu 1. An absolute ruler in an undesirable leader because one-man rule limits basic freedoms such as speech, press, and religion. 2. There should be a ‘separation of powers’ in government between legislative, executive and judicial. 3. Slavery, torture, religious persecution, and censorship are all wrong. 4. A man is innocent until proven guilty. 5. When one country increases its military power, so do other countries; therefore all nations should limit their military strength in order to reduce the chances of war. 1. _______ 2. _______ 3. _______ 4. _______ 5. _______   

Voltaire 1. A man should not be persecuted because of his religious beliefs. 2. Religious myths and ceremonies do nothing to make men better and should therefore be ignored. 3. Clergymen are more interested in increasing the power of the Church that they are in making man better. 4. A scientist is a greater person then a conquering general. 5. All men should be treated as equals and should have freedom of the speech and of the press. 6. Democracy is not a good form of government because the common people are not capable of governing themselves; the best government is one headed by a good and fair king. 1. _______ 2. _______ 3. _______ 4. _______ 5. _______ 6. _______ 

Rousseau 1. It is unfair that some people are rich while other people are poor. 2. The rich should not enjoy special privileges. 3. Compared to man during the Stone Age, modern man is unhappy, insecure, and greedy. 4. Social and political reforms must be made before man can be a good person. 5. Democracy is a good form of government. 1. _______ 2. _______ 3. _______ 4. _______ 5. _______ 

QUESTIONS: 1. In the philosophes were alive today, do you think they would be generally satisfied or dissatisfied with social conditions and the type of government we have today. EXPLAIN! _______________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 2. Which three statements by the philosophes do you believe are of the greatest importance to mankind? a. ___________________________________________________________________ b. ___________________________________________________________________ c. ___________________________________________________________________

  3. Choose one of the statements and tell why you disagree with it. a. Statement: __________________________________________________________ b. Reason for disagreement ________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 4. Not all the philosophes held the same beliefs, but most agreed that: a. Reason should be used at all times b. The search for new knowledge and ideas should continue c. Improvements must be made in the system of justice to end unfair jail sentences, the torture of prisoners, and terrible conditions in prisons. d. Slavery and warfare should be done away with e. Freedom of religion, speech and press must be given to all f. Everyone should enjoy liberty and equality. g. There should be public education for all, not just schools for children of the wealthy.  

World History

Monday-Wednesday

Inventors of the Industrial Revolution

Interactive Powerepoint presentation

Have students complete the Inventor Chart and also require that they write questions they would like to know more about---one for each invention category. Do NOT have them take the quiz right away. Reconvene the class to share these questions for discussion and clarification purposes. Then have students return to the laptops for the quiz.

As a class discussion and lesson, have each student hypothesize what would have happened without a certain inventor by “subtracting” from the classroom, describing of things we use today traced back to the Industrial Revolution. For example, Betty says, “I subtract everything woven. We would all be wearing handwoven or hand-knit clothing if it weren’t for the Power Loom. If the class is split into two teams, they can earn points and compete by coming up with valid ideas.

• Since the activities will take more than one class day- possibly as many as 3 or 4- have students recall something about each invention group from the day before to “earn” the right to be Vanna… or let the class play “stump Vanna” with invention questions from the previous days to remove the board operator and replace him/her. It is sometimes very helpful to have your most active and disruptive student operate the board because it keeps him/her on task and focused.
•  

  Monday and Tuesday

Drinking industry and Distilled liquids

It was Muslim chemists who first invented pure distillation processes, which could fully purify chemical substances.
Purified distilled alcohol by Jabir ibn Hayyan in the 8th century

Hygiene industries

True soap made of vegetable oils (such as olive oil) or with

aromatics (such as thyme oil)were invented by al-Razi Rhazes.  Perfumed and colored soaps and liquid and solid soaps were also invented by Muslim chemists as well.

Islamic Astronomy: Astronomical instruments

Muslim astronomers developed a number of astronomical instruments, These instruments were used by Muslims for a variety of purposes related to astronomy, astrology, horoscopes, navigation, surveying, and timekeeping.

Analog Machines (or Computers)

The Plate of Conjunctions, a computing instrument used to determine the time of day invented by al-Kashi in the 15th century. A mechanical planetary computer called the Plate of Zones could predict the true positions in longitude of the Sun and Moon, and the planets in terms of elliptical orbits.

Parachute

In 9th century Islamic Spain, Abbas Ibn Firnas (Armen Firnas) invented a primitive version of the parachute and the hand glider.

Camera

Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen), the "father of optics" and pioneer of the modern scientific method, invented the camera obscura and pinhole camera.He was the first person to realize that rays of light enters the eye, rather than leaving it, The word "camera" comes from the Arabic word qamara for a dark or private room. Ibn al-Haytham first described pinhole camera after noticing the way light came through a hole in window shutters.

Chemical technology

Jabir ibn Hayyan (Geber), the father of chemistry, invented the alembic still and many chemicals, including distilled alcohol, and established the perfume industry.

Street lighting and litter collection facilities


The first street lamps were built in the Arab Empire, especially in Cordoba, which also had the first facilities and waste containers for litter collection.

Clock technology



Astronomical clocks
Muslim astronomers and engineers constructed a variety of highly accurate astronomical clocks for use in their observatories.

Mechanical clocks


The first mechanical clocks driven by weights, and gears and were invented by Muslim engineers. The first geared mechanical clocks were invented by the 11th century Arab engineer Ibn Khalaf al-Muradi from Islamic Spain.

Paper mill

Paper was introduced to the Muslim world by Chinese prisoners after the Battle of Talas. Muslims made several improvements to papermaking and built the first paper mills in Baghdad, Iraq, as early as 794.

Sugar refinery


The first sugar refineries were built by Muslim engineers. They were first driven by water mills, and then windmills from the 9th and 10th centuries in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Iran.

Fountain pen

The earliest historical record of a reservoir fountain pen dates back to the 10th century. In 953, Ma'ad al-Mu'izz, the caliph of Egypt, demanded a pen, which would not stain his hands or clothes, and was provided with a pen, which held ink in a reservoir.

On/off switch


The on and off switch was invented by Muslim engineers between the 9th and 12th centuries. It was employed in a variety of automatic and water clocks. The mechanism later had an influence on the development of the electric on/off switch, which appeared in the 1950s

Medical Technology


Muslim physicians pioneered a number of medical treatments, including: Tracheotomy by Ibn Zuhr in the 12th century. Muslim anesthesiologist invented inoculations, modern oral and inhalant anesthesia as well as the first smallpox vaccine in the form of cowpox. At least 2,000 medicinal substances were invented by Muslim technology.

Medical university and public hospital


The Islamic hospital-universities were the first free public hospitals, the first medical schools, and the first universities to issue diplomas. The first of these institutions was opened in Baghdad. They then appeared in Egypt from 872 and then in Islamic Spain, Persia and the Maghreb thereafter. Physicians and surgeons at Islamic hospital-universities gave lectures to medical students and a diploma would be issued to any student who completed his/her education and was qualified to be a doctor of Medicine.

Military technology


After the spread of early gunpowder from China to the Muslim world, Muslim chemists and engineers developed compositions for explosive gunpowder and their own weapons for use in gunpowder warfare.

Hand cannon, handgun, portable firearms

The first portable hand cannons (midfa) loaded with explosive gunpowder, the first example of a handgun and portable firearms were used by the Egyptians to repel the Mongols at the Battle of Ain Jalut in 1260, and again in 1304. 

Wednesday and Thursday

THE ENLIGHTENMENT  

Until the late 1700’s, people of France accepted the fact that their king ruled by divine right, that Church teachings were correct, and that well-to-do nobles had privileges not enjoyed by the poor. But by the end of the century, Frenchmen no longer accepted these beliefs. This change in attitude came about as the result of writings by a group know as the ‘philisophes’. The philisophes were intelligent, reasonable men who felt there was much about life in Europe that was unfair and unjust. Since most philosophes were from France and since France was ruled by an absolute monarchy surrounded by a privileged nobility, the French way of life came under particular attack. The chart which follows lists four leading thinkers of the 1700’s. They published writings during a perid called the Age of Reason, or Enlightenment. Many ideas from the Enlightenment were eventually adopted by countries in Europe and around the world. Ideas even spread to the United States and are today a part of our way of life. Read each statement by the philisophes given on the chart and decide whether the statement is a true description of present American life. If it is true of the United States today, fill in the space with yes. If the ideas or attitude is not true of present life in the U.S., put no in the space. 

The philisophes were intelligent, reasonable men who felt there was much about life in Europe that was unfair and unjust. Since most philosophes were from France and since France was ruled by an absolute monarchy surrounded by a privileged nobility, the French way of life came under particular attack. The chart which follows lists four leading thinkers of the 1700’s. They published writings during a perid called the Age of Reason, or Enlightenment. Many ideas from the Enlightenment were eventually adopted by countries in Europe and around the world. Ideas even spread to the United States and are today a part of our way of life. Read each statement by the philisophes given on the chart and decide whether the statement is a true description of present American life. If it is true of the United States today, fill in the space with yes. If the ideas or attitude is not true of present life in the U.S., put no in the space. 

John Locke 1. All men are free and equal at birth. 2. Everyone has the right to life liberty, & property. 3. Citizens have the right to overthrow the government when their natural rights are violated. 4. Rulers receive the right to govern from the people and unfair rulers can be forced from power. 5. Man is not born to be a good or evil person – he is made one way or other by his life experiences and society around him. 1. _______ 2. _______ 3. _______ 4. _______ 5. _______ Baron de Montesquieu 1. An absolute ruler in an  Baron de Montesquieu 1. An absolute ruler in an undesirable leader because one-man rule limits basic freedoms such as speech, press, and religion. 2. There should be a ‘separation of powers’ in government between legislative, executive and judicial. 3. Slavery, torture, religious persecution, and censorship are all wrong. 4. A man is innocent until proven guilty. 5. When one country increases its military power, so do other countries; therefore all nations should limit their military strength in order to reduce the chances of war. 1. _______ 2. _______ 3. _______ 4. _______ 5. _______   

Voltaire 1. A man should not be persecuted because of his religious beliefs. 2. Religious myths and ceremonies do nothing to make men better and should therefore be ignored. 3. Clergymen are more interested in increasing the power of the Church that they are in making man better. 4. A scientist is a greater person then a conquering general. 5. All men should be treated as equals and should have freedom of the speech and of the press. 6. Democracy is not a good form of government because the common people are not capable of governing themselves; the best government is one headed by a good and fair king. 1. _______ 2. _______ 3. _______ 4. _______ 5. _______ 6. _______ 

Rousseau 1. It is unfair that some people are rich while other people are poor. 2. The rich should not enjoy special privileges. 3. Compared to man during the Stone Age, modern man is unhappy, insecure, and greedy. 4. Social and political reforms must be made before man can be a good person. 5. Democracy is a good form of government. 1. _______ 2. _______ 3. _______ 4. _______ 5. _______ 

QUESTIONS: 1. In the philosophes were alive today, do you think they would be generally satisfied or dissatisfied with social conditions and the type of government we have today. EXPLAIN! _______________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 2. Which three statements by the philosophes do you believe are of the greatest importance to mankind? a. ___________________________________________________________________ b. ___________________________________________________________________ c. ___________________________________________________________________

  3. Choose one of the statements and tell why you disagree with it. a. Statement: __________________________________________________________ b. Reason for disagreement ________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 4. Not all the philosophes held the same beliefs, but most agreed that: a. Reason should be used at all times b. The search for new knowledge and ideas should continue c. Improvements must be made in the system of justice to end unfair jail sentences, the torture of prisoners, and terrible conditions in prisons. d. Slavery and warfare should be done away with e. Freedom of religion, speech and press must be given to all f. Everyone should enjoy liberty and equality. g. There should be public education for all, not just schools for children of the wealthy.  

World History

Monday-Wednesday

Inventors of the Industrial Revolution

Interactive Powerepoint presentation

Have students complete the Inventor Chart and also require that they write questions they would like to know more about---one for each invention category. Do NOT have them take the quiz right away. Reconvene the class to share these questions for discussion and clarification purposes. Then have students return to the laptops for the quiz.

As a class discussion and lesson, have each student hypothesize what would have happened without a certain inventor by “subtracting” from the classroom, describing of things we use today traced back to the Industrial Revolution. For example, Betty says, “I subtract everything woven. We would all be wearing handwoven or hand-knit clothing if it weren’t for the Power Loom. If the class is split into two teams, they can earn points and compete by coming up with valid ideas.

• Since the activities will take more than one class day- possibly as many as 3 or 4- have students recall something about each invention group from the day before to “earn” the right to be Vanna… or let the class play “stump Vanna” with invention questions from the previous days to remove the board operator and replace him/her. It is sometimes very helpful to have your most active and disruptive student operate the board because it keeps him/her on task and focused.
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  Monday and Tuesday

Drinking industry and Distilled liquids

It was Muslim chemists who first invented pure distillation processes, which could fully purify chemical substances.
Purified distilled alcohol by Jabir ibn Hayyan in the 8th century

Hygiene industries

True soap made of vegetable oils (such as olive oil) or with

aromatics (such as thyme oil)were invented by al-Razi Rhazes.  Perfumed and colored soaps and liquid and solid soaps were also invented by Muslim chemists as well.

Islamic Astronomy: Astronomical instruments

Muslim astronomers developed a number of astronomical instruments, These instruments were used by Muslims for a variety of purposes related to astronomy, astrology, horoscopes, navigation, surveying, and timekeeping.

Analog Machines (or Computers)

The Plate of Conjunctions, a computing instrument used to determine the time of day invented by al-Kashi in the 15th century. A mechanical planetary computer called the Plate of Zones could predict the true positions in longitude of the Sun and Moon, and the planets in terms of elliptical orbits.

Parachute

In 9th century Islamic Spain, Abbas Ibn Firnas (Armen Firnas) invented a primitive version of the parachute and the hand glider.

Camera

Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen), the "father of optics" and pioneer of the modern scientific method, invented the camera obscura and pinhole camera.He was the first person to realize that rays of light enters the eye, rather than leaving it, The word "camera" comes from the Arabic word qamara for a dark or private room. Ibn al-Haytham first described pinhole camera after noticing the way light came through a hole in window shutters.

Chemical technology

Jabir ibn Hayyan (Geber), the father of chemistry, invented the alembic still and many chemicals, including distilled alcohol, and established the perfume industry.

Street lighting and litter collection facilities


The first street lamps were built in the Arab Empire, especially in Cordoba, which also had the first facilities and waste containers for litter collection.

Clock technology



Astronomical clocks
Muslim astronomers and engineers constructed a variety of highly accurate astronomical clocks for use in their observatories.

Mechanical clocks


The first mechanical clocks driven by weights, and gears and were invented by Muslim engineers. The first geared mechanical clocks were invented by the 11th century Arab engineer Ibn Khalaf al-Muradi from Islamic Spain.

Paper mill

Paper was introduced to the Muslim world by Chinese prisoners after the Battle of Talas. Muslims made several improvements to papermaking and built the first paper mills in Baghdad, Iraq, as early as 794.

Sugar refinery


The first sugar refineries were built by Muslim engineers. They were first driven by water mills, and then windmills from the 9th and 10th centuries in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Iran.

Fountain pen

The earliest historical record of a reservoir fountain pen dates back to the 10th century. In 953, Ma'ad al-Mu'izz, the caliph of Egypt, demanded a pen, which would not stain his hands or clothes, and was provided with a pen, which held ink in a reservoir.

On/off switch


The on and off switch was invented by Muslim engineers between the 9th and 12th centuries. It was employed in a variety of automatic and water clocks. The mechanism later had an influence on the development of the electric on/off switch, which appeared in the 1950s

Medical Technology


Muslim physicians pioneered a number of medical treatments, including: Tracheotomy by Ibn Zuhr in the 12th century. Muslim anesthesiologist invented inoculations, modern oral and inhalant anesthesia as well as the first smallpox vaccine in the form of cowpox. At least 2,000 medicinal substances were invented by Muslim technology.

Medical university and public hospital


The Islamic hospital-universities were the first free public hospitals, the first medical schools, and the first universities to issue diplomas. The first of these institutions was opened in Baghdad. They then appeared in Egypt from 872 and then in Islamic Spain, Persia and the Maghreb thereafter. Physicians and surgeons at Islamic hospital-universities gave lectures to medical students and a diploma would be issued to any student who completed his/her education and was qualified to be a doctor of Medicine.

Military technology


After the spread of early gunpowder from China to the Muslim world, Muslim chemists and engineers developed compositions for explosive gunpowder and their own weapons for use in gunpowder warfare.

Hand cannon, handgun, portable firearms

The first portable hand cannons (midfa) loaded with explosive gunpowder, the first example of a handgun and portable firearms were used by the Egyptians to repel the Mongols at the Battle of Ain Jalut in 1260, and again in 1304. 

Wednesday and Thursday

THE ENLIGHTENMENT  

Until the late 1700’s, people of France accepted the fact that their king ruled by divine right, that Church teachings were correct, and that well-to-do nobles had privileges not enjoyed by the poor. But by the end of the century, Frenchmen no longer accepted these beliefs. This change in attitude came about as the result of writings by a group know as the ‘philisophes’. The philisophes were intelligent, reasonable men who felt there was much about life in Europe that was unfair and unjust. Since most philosophes were from France and since France was ruled by an absolute monarchy surrounded by a privileged nobility, the French way of life came under particular attack. The chart which follows lists four leading thinkers of the 1700’s. They published writings during a perid called the Age of Reason, or Enlightenment. Many ideas from the Enlightenment were eventually adopted by countries in Europe and around the world. Ideas even spread to the United States and are today a part of our way of life. Read each statement by the philisophes given on the chart and decide whether the statement is a true description of present American life. If it is true of the United States today, fill in the space with yes. If the ideas or attitude is not true of present life in the U.S., put no in the space. 

The philisophes were intelligent, reasonable men who felt there was much about life in Europe that was unfair and unjust. Since most philosophes were from France and since France was ruled by an absolute monarchy surrounded by a privileged nobility, the French way of life came under particular attack. The chart which follows lists four leading thinkers of the 1700’s. They published writings during a perid called the Age of Reason, or Enlightenment. Many ideas from the Enlightenment were eventually adopted by countries in Europe and around the world. Ideas even spread to the United States and are today a part of our way of life. Read each statement by the philisophes given on the chart and decide whether the statement is a true description of present American life. If it is true of the United States today, fill in the space with yes. If the ideas or attitude is not true of present life in the U.S., put no in the space. 

John Locke 1. All men are free and equal at birth. 2. Everyone has the right to life liberty, & property. 3. Citizens have the right to overthrow the government when their natural rights are violated. 4. Rulers receive the right to govern from the people and unfair rulers can be forced from power. 5. Man is not born to be a good or evil person – he is made one way or other by his life experiences and society around him. 1. _______ 2. _______ 3. _______ 4. _______ 5. _______ Baron de Montesquieu 1. An absolute ruler in an  Baron de Montesquieu 1. An absolute ruler in an undesirable leader because one-man rule limits basic freedoms such as speech, press, and religion. 2. There should be a ‘separation of powers’ in government between legislative, executive and judicial. 3. Slavery, torture, religious persecution, and censorship are all wrong. 4. A man is innocent until proven guilty. 5. When one country increases its military power, so do other countries; therefore all nations should limit their military strength in order to reduce the chances of war. 1. _______ 2. _______ 3. _______ 4. _______ 5. _______   

Voltaire 1. A man should not be persecuted because of his religious beliefs. 2. Religious myths and ceremonies do nothing to make men better and should therefore be ignored. 3. Clergymen are more interested in increasing the power of the Church that they are in making man better. 4. A scientist is a greater person then a conquering general. 5. All men should be treated as equals and should have freedom of the speech and of the press. 6. Democracy is not a good form of government because the common people are not capable of governing themselves; the best government is one headed by a good and fair king. 1. _______ 2. _______ 3. _______ 4. _______ 5. _______ 6. _______ 

Rousseau 1. It is unfair that some people are rich while other people are poor. 2. The rich should not enjoy special privileges. 3. Compared to man during the Stone Age, modern man is unhappy, insecure, and greedy. 4. Social and political reforms must be made before man can be a good person. 5. Democracy is a good form of government. 1. _______ 2. _______ 3. _______ 4. _______ 5. _______ 

QUESTIONS: 1. In the philosophes were alive today, do you think they would be generally satisfied or dissatisfied with social conditions and the type of government we have today. EXPLAIN! _______________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 2. Which three statements by the philosophes do you believe are of the greatest importance to mankind? a. ___________________________________________________________________ b. ___________________________________________________________________ c. ___________________________________________________________________

  3. Choose one of the statements and tell why you disagree with it. a. Statement: __________________________________________________________ b. Reason for disagreement ________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 4. Not all the philosophes held the same beliefs, but most agreed that: a. Reason should be used at all times b. The search for new knowledge and ideas should continue c. Improvements must be made in the system of justice to end unfair jail sentences, the torture of prisoners, and terrible conditions in prisons. d. Slavery and warfare should be done away with e. Freedom of religion, speech and press must be given to all f. Everyone should enjoy liberty and equality. g. There should be public education for all, not just schools for children of the wealthy.